Building a Line Following Robot: A Guide to the Required Electronics and Circuit Diagram - Python Language

An example of how you might control the motors and read sensor data using Python on a Raspberry Pi, which is a popular microcontroller board that can be programmed using Python.

To build a line following robot, you will need the following electronic items:

1. Microcontroller: You will need a microcontroller to control the robot. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ is a popular microcontroller board that can be programmed using Python, which is the language that the sample code I provided uses.

2. Line sensors: You will need sensors to detect the line on the floor. QTR-8RC Reflectance Sensor Array and TCRT5000L Reflective Optical Sensor are some popular line sensors that you can use for this purpose.

3. Motor controller: You will need a motor controller to control the motors that drive the robot. L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Controller and TB6612FNG Motor Driver are some popular motor controllers that you can use.

4. Motors: You will need motors to drive the robot. DC motors, Servo motors, and stepper motors are some popular motors that you can use.

DC motors:

1. N20 6V DC Gear Motor
2. EMAX ES08MD II 12g Mini Servo
3. TowerPro MG90S Micro Servo
4. Gear Motor with Encoder 12V DC

Servo motors:

1. TowerPro SG90 9g Micro Servo
2. EMAX ES09MD Digital Servo
3. Hitec HS-311 Servo

Stepper motors:

1. Nema 17 Stepper Motor
2. A4988 Stepper Motor Driver
3. DRV8825 Stepper Motor Driver

1. Power supply: You will need a power supply to provide power to the robot. A 9V battery or a 12V 2A power adapter can be used as a power supply.

2. Wires and breadboard: You will need wires and a breadboard to connect the components together. Jumper Wires and Breadboard are some popular items that you can use for this purpose.

A circuit diagram for connecting these components together would look something like this:

The Raspberry Pi would be connected to the line sensors and the motor controller, which would be connected to the motors and the power supply. The wires and breadboard would be used to connect the components together.

Please note that the wiring and connections are specific to the type of microcontroller, sensor, and motor controller you are using. So please refer to the datasheets of the specific components you are using for the details on how to connect them.

It is important to mention that this is a high-level explanation and you will need a good understanding of programming, electronics and circuit design to build this robot. You can refer to various online tutorials and resources to learn more about building such a robot and the specific components used.